论文部分内容阅读
The origin and the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节的由来
Falling on the 5th day of the 5th month according to Chinese lunar calendar， the Dragon Boat Festival （also called Duanwu Festival） is one of great significance. It has been held annually for more than 2，000 years and is notable for its educational influence.
Many legends circulate around the festival but the most popular is the legend of Qu Yuan. This festival is celebrated to commemorates （纪念） the patriotic poet Qu Yuan （340-278 BC）， and also acts as a chance for Chinese people to build their bodies and dispel diseases.
Qu Yuan was a minister of the State of Chu and one of China’s earliest poets. In face of great pressure from the powerful Qin State， he advocated enriching the country and strengthening its military forces so as to fight against the Qin. However， he was opposed by aristocrats （贵族） headed by Zi Lan， and later deposed and exiled （流放） by King Huai.
In his exiled days， he still cared much for his country and people and composed immortal poems including Li Sao （The Lament）， Tian Wen （Heavenly Questions） and Jiu Ge （Nine Songs）， which had far-reaching influences. In 278 BC， he heard the news that Qin troops had finally conquered Chu’s capital， so he finished his last masterpiece Huai Sha （Embracing Sand） and plunged himself into the Miluo River， clasping his arms to a large stone.
On hearing of Qu Yuan’s death， all the local people nearby were in great distress. The fishermen sailed their boats up and down the river to look for his body. People threw into the water Zongzi （pyramid-shaped glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves） and eggs to divert possible fish or shrimp from attacking his body.
An old doctor poured a jug of realgar （雄黃） wine （Chinese liquor seasoned with realgar） into the water， hoping to turn all aquatic （水生的） beasts drunk.
Because Qu Yuan died on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month， people decided to commemorate him on that day every year. Dragon boat racing and eating Zongzi have become the central customs of the festival.
The customs of the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节的风俗习惯
Dragon Boat race
At the center of this festival are the dragon boat races. Competing teams drive their colorful dragon boats forward to the rhythm of beating drums. These exciting races were inspired by the villager’s valiant attempts to rescue Chu Yuan from the Miluo River. This tradition has remained unbroken for centuries. Zongzi
A very popular dish during the Dragon Boat festival is Zongzi. This tasty dish consists of rice dumplings with meat，peanut，egg yolk，or other fillings wrapped in bamboo leaves. The tradition of Zongzi is meant to remind us of the village fishermen scattering rice across the water of the Mi Low river in order to appease the river dragons so that they would not devour Qu Yuan.
Ay Taso
The time of year of the Dragon Boat Festival，the fifth lunar moon，has more significance than just the story of Chu Yuan. Many Chinese consider this time of year an especially dangerous time when extra efforts must be made to protect their family from illness. Families will hang various herbs，called Ay Tsao，on their door for protection. The drinking of realgar wine is thought to remove poisons from the body. Hsiang Bao are also worn. These sachets contain various fragrant medicinal herbs thought to protect the wearer from illness.
端午节最重要的活动是龙舟竞赛，比赛的队伍在热烈的鼓声中划着他们多彩的龙舟前进。这项活动的灵感是来自于当时汨罗江畔的居民，在江中划船救屈原，而这个传统也一直保持了数个世纪。
在端午节时受欢迎的食物就是粽子，粽子是以米包著肉、花生、蛋黄及其他材料，再以竹叶包裹。而粽子的传统则来自汨罗江边的渔夫，将米丢入江中平息江中的蛟龙，希望他们不要将屈原吃掉。
农历的五月，也就是端午节的这个时节，对中国人而言，除了屈原的故事还有许多其他重要的意义。许多中国人相信五月是一年中容易引发疾病的危险时节，因此必须有许多防备家人生病的措施。许多家庭会将一种特别的植物——艾草挂在门口，作为保护之用，而人们也会挂带香包，它是以含有多种香味的药用植物所做成，也可以保护人们远离疾病。
Introduction of dragonboat龙舟之简介
A dragon boat or dragonboat is nothing but a human-powered watercraft. It is made out of teak wood in the Pearl River Delta region of China’s southern Guangdong Province. It is made of various designs and sizes.
Dragon boats form the base of the team paddling sport called dragon boat racing， an amateur water sport having its roots in an ancient folk lore of competing villagers. It has been held over the past 2000 years all over southern China.
Dragon boat racing has surfaced in modern times as an international sport， starting in 1976 in Hong Kong. However， the history of dragon boats in competition goes as far back as the same age as the aboriginal games of Olympia taking place in ancient Greece.
龙舟其实就是一艘人力的船只。龙舟是用中国广东珠三角地区生产的柚木制造的。它有许多不同的设计和尺寸。
龙舟是一项团队划船运动，即赛龙舟的基础。赛龙舟是一项业余水上运动，起源于关于村民竞争的一个古老的民间传说。赛龙舟在中国南方已经举办了超过2000年。
赛龙舟在近代已经成为一项国际运动，1976年始于香港。然而，赛龙舟的历史可以追溯到与古希腊土著居民举办的奥林匹克竞赛同龄。
Crew龙舟参赛队员
The usual crew of a dragon boat typically consists of 22 people， comprising majorly of 20 paddler-pairs facing the bow of the boat. Then there is 1 drummer or caller at the bow end， facing the paddlers and finally 1 sweep or the one who steers at the rear end of the boat.
Dragon boats do vary in length however， naturally altering the crew size accordingly， from 10 paddlers in small dragon boats up to 50 paddlers in the traditional boats.
龙舟上一般有22个参赛队员，包括20个向着船头的划手，还有1个面对着划手，站在船尾的鼓手或锣手。最后，还有一个舵手或者说站在船尾掌控方向的人。
龙舟的长短不一，参赛队员的人数也相应有所变化，从只有10个划手的小龙舟到有50个划手的传统龙舟不等。
Falling on the 5th day of the 5th month according to Chinese lunar calendar， the Dragon Boat Festival （also called Duanwu Festival） is one of great significance. It has been held annually for more than 2，000 years and is notable for its educational influence.
Many legends circulate around the festival but the most popular is the legend of Qu Yuan. This festival is celebrated to commemorates （纪念） the patriotic poet Qu Yuan （340-278 BC）， and also acts as a chance for Chinese people to build their bodies and dispel diseases.
Qu Yuan was a minister of the State of Chu and one of China’s earliest poets. In face of great pressure from the powerful Qin State， he advocated enriching the country and strengthening its military forces so as to fight against the Qin. However， he was opposed by aristocrats （贵族） headed by Zi Lan， and later deposed and exiled （流放） by King Huai.
In his exiled days， he still cared much for his country and people and composed immortal poems including Li Sao （The Lament）， Tian Wen （Heavenly Questions） and Jiu Ge （Nine Songs）， which had far-reaching influences. In 278 BC， he heard the news that Qin troops had finally conquered Chu’s capital， so he finished his last masterpiece Huai Sha （Embracing Sand） and plunged himself into the Miluo River， clasping his arms to a large stone.
On hearing of Qu Yuan’s death， all the local people nearby were in great distress. The fishermen sailed their boats up and down the river to look for his body. People threw into the water Zongzi （pyramid-shaped glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves） and eggs to divert possible fish or shrimp from attacking his body.
An old doctor poured a jug of realgar （雄黃） wine （Chinese liquor seasoned with realgar） into the water， hoping to turn all aquatic （水生的） beasts drunk.
Because Qu Yuan died on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month， people decided to commemorate him on that day every year. Dragon boat racing and eating Zongzi have become the central customs of the festival.
The customs of the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节的风俗习惯
Dragon Boat race
At the center of this festival are the dragon boat races. Competing teams drive their colorful dragon boats forward to the rhythm of beating drums. These exciting races were inspired by the villager’s valiant attempts to rescue Chu Yuan from the Miluo River. This tradition has remained unbroken for centuries. Zongzi
A very popular dish during the Dragon Boat festival is Zongzi. This tasty dish consists of rice dumplings with meat，peanut，egg yolk，or other fillings wrapped in bamboo leaves. The tradition of Zongzi is meant to remind us of the village fishermen scattering rice across the water of the Mi Low river in order to appease the river dragons so that they would not devour Qu Yuan.
Ay Taso
The time of year of the Dragon Boat Festival，the fifth lunar moon，has more significance than just the story of Chu Yuan. Many Chinese consider this time of year an especially dangerous time when extra efforts must be made to protect their family from illness. Families will hang various herbs，called Ay Tsao，on their door for protection. The drinking of realgar wine is thought to remove poisons from the body. Hsiang Bao are also worn. These sachets contain various fragrant medicinal herbs thought to protect the wearer from illness.
端午节最重要的活动是龙舟竞赛，比赛的队伍在热烈的鼓声中划着他们多彩的龙舟前进。这项活动的灵感是来自于当时汨罗江畔的居民，在江中划船救屈原，而这个传统也一直保持了数个世纪。
在端午节时受欢迎的食物就是粽子，粽子是以米包著肉、花生、蛋黄及其他材料，再以竹叶包裹。而粽子的传统则来自汨罗江边的渔夫，将米丢入江中平息江中的蛟龙，希望他们不要将屈原吃掉。
农历的五月，也就是端午节的这个时节，对中国人而言，除了屈原的故事还有许多其他重要的意义。许多中国人相信五月是一年中容易引发疾病的危险时节，因此必须有许多防备家人生病的措施。许多家庭会将一种特别的植物——艾草挂在门口，作为保护之用，而人们也会挂带香包，它是以含有多种香味的药用植物所做成，也可以保护人们远离疾病。
Introduction of dragonboat龙舟之简介
A dragon boat or dragonboat is nothing but a human-powered watercraft. It is made out of teak wood in the Pearl River Delta region of China’s southern Guangdong Province. It is made of various designs and sizes.
Dragon boats form the base of the team paddling sport called dragon boat racing， an amateur water sport having its roots in an ancient folk lore of competing villagers. It has been held over the past 2000 years all over southern China.
Dragon boat racing has surfaced in modern times as an international sport， starting in 1976 in Hong Kong. However， the history of dragon boats in competition goes as far back as the same age as the aboriginal games of Olympia taking place in ancient Greece.
龙舟其实就是一艘人力的船只。龙舟是用中国广东珠三角地区生产的柚木制造的。它有许多不同的设计和尺寸。
龙舟是一项团队划船运动，即赛龙舟的基础。赛龙舟是一项业余水上运动，起源于关于村民竞争的一个古老的民间传说。赛龙舟在中国南方已经举办了超过2000年。
赛龙舟在近代已经成为一项国际运动，1976年始于香港。然而，赛龙舟的历史可以追溯到与古希腊土著居民举办的奥林匹克竞赛同龄。
Crew龙舟参赛队员
The usual crew of a dragon boat typically consists of 22 people， comprising majorly of 20 paddler-pairs facing the bow of the boat. Then there is 1 drummer or caller at the bow end， facing the paddlers and finally 1 sweep or the one who steers at the rear end of the boat.
Dragon boats do vary in length however， naturally altering the crew size accordingly， from 10 paddlers in small dragon boats up to 50 paddlers in the traditional boats.
龙舟上一般有22个参赛队员，包括20个向着船头的划手，还有1个面对着划手，站在船尾的鼓手或锣手。最后，还有一个舵手或者说站在船尾掌控方向的人。
龙舟的长短不一，参赛队员的人数也相应有所变化，从只有10个划手的小龙舟到有50个划手的传统龙舟不等。