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名词性从句中连接代词 what的用法是历年高考试题的热点和难点,学生普遍觉得棘手。现结合近几年的高考题对其用法进行归纳和讲解,并提供高考试题作为巩固练习,希望能对广大考生牢固地掌握其用法有所帮助。
一、用法归纳
what引导名词性从句时,作连接代词,即复合关系代词,意思是“所……的事物/人”, 相当于the thing(s) / people that..., that which...或those which..., 即先行词+关系代词。
二、用法讲解
1. 引导主语从句。请试做下面的高考题:
1. ______ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. (08·山东)
A. It B. This C. What D. As
2. ______ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. (08·福建)
A. It B. What C. As D. Which
答案与解析:1-2 CB。 以上两道考题的答案都选what, 两个what从句均为主语从句,what 在从句中作主语,表示“……的事”。 注意:第1小题中的she told me是插入语。第2小题中,如去掉is ,则答案为A; 若把is和that都去掉,且加上逗号,答案就是C了。
又如:What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.
过去认为不可能的事现在已成为现实。
What really matters is the way he deals with dangerous things.
真正有关系的是他处理危险事情的方式。
2. 引导表语从句。请试做下面的高考题:
1. See the flag on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning. (06·全国I)
A. when B. which C. where D. what
2. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, ______ it was so poorly equipped.
(05·安徽)
A. what; when B. that; which
C. what; which D. which; that
答案与解析:1-2 DA。第1、2小题中,what引导的都是表语从句,并在从句中分别作宾语和表语。另外,第2小题中,when引导的是定语从句。
又如:Times are not what they used to be. 时代不同了。
He is not what he was a few years ago. 他不是几年前的他了。
3. 引导宾语从句,包括介词的宾语。请试做下面的高考题:
1. When asked ______ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. (08·湖南)
A. what B. why C. whom D. which
2. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home.(08·浙江)
A. what B. that C. which D. one
3. The companies are working together to create ______ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.( 08·北京)
A. which B. that C. what D. who
4. People in Chongqing are proud of ______ they have achieved in the past ten years. (08·重庆)
A. that B. which C. what D. how
5. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about ___ he will do or think.(08·上海)
A. what B. which C. whom D. that
答案与解析:1-5 AACCA。第1、3小题中,what 引导的两个宾语从句都作动词的宾语,在从句中它们分别作宾语和主语。注意:第1小题中When asked = When they were asked;第3小题中的 they hope是插入语。第2、4、5小题中,what 引导的宾语从句都作介词的宾语,在从句中它们分别作动词speak,achieve 和do or think的宾语。
又如:The teacher began to criticize what the boy had done.
老师开始批评男孩所做的事。
No one knows what will happen next.
谁也不知道下一步有什么事。
My hometown is different from what it was ten years ago.
我的家乡和十年前不同了。
It was just a quiet small place then compared to what it is now.
和现在比起来,它那时候只是个安静的小地方。
三、巩固练习
1. ______ matters most in learning English is enough practice.(07·全国II)
A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which
2. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. (07·上海)
A. That B.What C.Whether D. Where
3. You can only be sure of ______ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ______ you might get in the future.
(07·安徽)
A. that; what B. what; /
C. which; that D. /; that
4. It is none of your business ______ other people think about you. Believe yourself. (07·福建)
A. how B. what C. which D. when
5. Seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ______ it is. (07·天津)
A. what B. which C. how D. where
6. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for. (07·江苏)
A. what B. why C. how D. whether
7.______ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. (07· 陕西)
A. That B. Which C. What D.As
8. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of ______ you read. (07·沪春)
A. that B. what C. which D. whether
9. ——Could you do me a favor?
—— It depends on ______ it is.(06·北京)
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
10. ______ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. (06·辽宁)
A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever
11. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ______ I thought was a dangerous speed.(05·沪春)
A. as B. which C. what D. that
12. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ______ he thought was not enough.(05·山东)
A. where B. how C. what D. which
13. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. (04·上海)
A. where B. what C. that D. how
14. I think Father would like to know ______ I've been up to so far, so I decided to send him a quick note. (04·湖南)
A. which B. why C. what D. how
15. It is pretty well understood ______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. (03·上海)
A. that B. when C. what D. how
16. ——Are you still thinking about yesterday's game?
——Oh, that's ______.(03·京春)
A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
17. ______ made the school proud was ______ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (03·沪春)
A. What; because B. What; that
C. That; what D. That; because
18. Perseverance is a kind of quality — and that's ______ it takes to do anything well. (02·上海)
A. what B. that C. which D. why
19. ——I think it's going to be a big problem.
——Yes, it could be.
——I wonder ______ we can do about it. (02·京春)
A. if B. how C. what D. that
20. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly ______ he wants. (02·沪春)
A. what B. which C. when D. that
21. A computer can only do ______ you have instructed it to do. (01·全国)
A. how B. after C. what D. when
22. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ______ he had done the day before. (01·沪春)
A. that B. howC. where D. what
23. ______ she couldn't understand was ______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (00·上海)
A. What; why B. That; what
C. What; because D. Why; that
24.______ surprises me most is that she doesn't even know where the difference between the two lies. (00·沪春)
A. What B. How C. That D. Which
答案:ABBBAACBCACCBCCABACACDAA
一、用法归纳
what引导名词性从句时,作连接代词,即复合关系代词,意思是“所……的事物/人”, 相当于the thing(s) / people that..., that which...或those which..., 即先行词+关系代词。
二、用法讲解
1. 引导主语从句。请试做下面的高考题:
1. ______ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. (08·山东)
A. It B. This C. What D. As
2. ______ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. (08·福建)
A. It B. What C. As D. Which
答案与解析:1-2 CB。 以上两道考题的答案都选what, 两个what从句均为主语从句,what 在从句中作主语,表示“……的事”。 注意:第1小题中的she told me是插入语。第2小题中,如去掉is ,则答案为A; 若把is和that都去掉,且加上逗号,答案就是C了。
又如:What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.
过去认为不可能的事现在已成为现实。
What really matters is the way he deals with dangerous things.
真正有关系的是他处理危险事情的方式。
2. 引导表语从句。请试做下面的高考题:
1. See the flag on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning. (06·全国I)
A. when B. which C. where D. what
2. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, ______ it was so poorly equipped.
(05·安徽)
A. what; when B. that; which
C. what; which D. which; that
答案与解析:1-2 DA。第1、2小题中,what引导的都是表语从句,并在从句中分别作宾语和表语。另外,第2小题中,when引导的是定语从句。
又如:Times are not what they used to be. 时代不同了。
He is not what he was a few years ago. 他不是几年前的他了。
3. 引导宾语从句,包括介词的宾语。请试做下面的高考题:
1. When asked ______ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. (08·湖南)
A. what B. why C. whom D. which
2. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home.(08·浙江)
A. what B. that C. which D. one
3. The companies are working together to create ______ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.( 08·北京)
A. which B. that C. what D. who
4. People in Chongqing are proud of ______ they have achieved in the past ten years. (08·重庆)
A. that B. which C. what D. how
5. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about ___ he will do or think.(08·上海)
A. what B. which C. whom D. that
答案与解析:1-5 AACCA。第1、3小题中,what 引导的两个宾语从句都作动词的宾语,在从句中它们分别作宾语和主语。注意:第1小题中When asked = When they were asked;第3小题中的 they hope是插入语。第2、4、5小题中,what 引导的宾语从句都作介词的宾语,在从句中它们分别作动词speak,achieve 和do or think的宾语。
又如:The teacher began to criticize what the boy had done.
老师开始批评男孩所做的事。
No one knows what will happen next.
谁也不知道下一步有什么事。
My hometown is different from what it was ten years ago.
我的家乡和十年前不同了。
It was just a quiet small place then compared to what it is now.
和现在比起来,它那时候只是个安静的小地方。
三、巩固练习
1. ______ matters most in learning English is enough practice.(07·全国II)
A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which
2. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. (07·上海)
A. That B.What C.Whether D. Where
3. You can only be sure of ______ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ______ you might get in the future.
(07·安徽)
A. that; what B. what; /
C. which; that D. /; that
4. It is none of your business ______ other people think about you. Believe yourself. (07·福建)
A. how B. what C. which D. when
5. Seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ______ it is. (07·天津)
A. what B. which C. how D. where
6. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for. (07·江苏)
A. what B. why C. how D. whether
7.______ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. (07· 陕西)
A. That B. Which C. What D.As
8. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of ______ you read. (07·沪春)
A. that B. what C. which D. whether
9. ——Could you do me a favor?
—— It depends on ______ it is.(06·北京)
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
10. ______ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. (06·辽宁)
A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever
11. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ______ I thought was a dangerous speed.(05·沪春)
A. as B. which C. what D. that
12. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ______ he thought was not enough.(05·山东)
A. where B. how C. what D. which
13. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. (04·上海)
A. where B. what C. that D. how
14. I think Father would like to know ______ I've been up to so far, so I decided to send him a quick note. (04·湖南)
A. which B. why C. what D. how
15. It is pretty well understood ______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. (03·上海)
A. that B. when C. what D. how
16. ——Are you still thinking about yesterday's game?
——Oh, that's ______.(03·京春)
A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
17. ______ made the school proud was ______ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (03·沪春)
A. What; because B. What; that
C. That; what D. That; because
18. Perseverance is a kind of quality — and that's ______ it takes to do anything well. (02·上海)
A. what B. that C. which D. why
19. ——I think it's going to be a big problem.
——Yes, it could be.
——I wonder ______ we can do about it. (02·京春)
A. if B. how C. what D. that
20. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly ______ he wants. (02·沪春)
A. what B. which C. when D. that
21. A computer can only do ______ you have instructed it to do. (01·全国)
A. how B. after C. what D. when
22. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ______ he had done the day before. (01·沪春)
A. that B. howC. where D. what
23. ______ she couldn't understand was ______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (00·上海)
A. What; why B. That; what
C. What; because D. Why; that
24.______ surprises me most is that she doesn't even know where the difference between the two lies. (00·沪春)
A. What B. How C. That D. Which
答案:ABBBAACBCACCBCCABACACDAA