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[目的]观察大白菜离体小孢子培养中的胚胎发生及发育途径。[方法]以大白菜F1代杂交种为试材,采用光学显微镜观察游离小孢子胚胎发生和发育途径。[结果]细胞热激后膨大是胚状体诱导的关键因素。大白菜小孢子诱导成胚有3种途径,小孢子均等分裂途径、小孢子不均等分裂途径和小孢子直接萌发出胚途径。均等分裂途径是在连续的均等分裂以后形成原胚,原胚继续分裂形成球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚和子叶形胚。不均等分裂途径形成的两个细胞中较大的细胞继续分裂最终形成有极性的胚状体。[结论]该研究结果为大白菜小孢子的高频率诱导提供细胞学依据。
[Objective] The research aimed to observe the embryogenesis and development of Chinese cabbage in vitro microspore culture. [Method] F1 hybrids of Chinese cabbage were used as materials to observe the embryogenesis and development of free microspores by light microscope. [Result] The expansion of cells after heat shock was the key factor of embryoid body induction. There are three ways to induce embryogenesis of microspore in Chinese cabbage. The pathways of microspore division are equal, the pathways of microspore unequal division and the germination of embryos by microspore germination directly. Equal division is the formation of primordial embryos after a continuous equal division, the original embryos continue to divide to form spherical embryos, heart-shaped embryos, torpedo-shaped embryos and cotyledons. The larger cells in the two cells formed by the unequal division continue to divide and eventually form polar embryoid bodies. [Conclusion] The results provided cytological basis for high frequency induction of Chinese cabbage microspore.