一、从具体到抽象，指导思维思维是人脑对现实概括的反映，如果只凭感知表象，只能认识事物的外部特征，不能抓住事物的本质，把握事物与事物之间的内在联系。因此，教学中教师必须坚持直观性原则，积极引导学生把具体感知与抽象思维结合起来，这是发展学生思维能力很重要的一 First, from concreteness to abstraction, thinking and thinking are the reflection of the human brain on the generalization of the present situation. Only by perceptual representation, we can only recognize the external features of things, fail to seize the essence of things and grasp the internal relations between things and things. Therefore, teaching teachers must adhere to the principle of intuition, and actively guide students to the specific perception and abstract thinking together, which is the development of students thinking ability is very important