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一、理解概念
现在完成进行时主要表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间,这动作可能仍然在进行,也可能停止了一会儿。例如:
We have just been talking about you. 我们正谈论你呢。
Jack has been watching TV all day. 杰克一整天都在看电视。
二、用准结构
现在完成进行时的基本结构为“have/has been+现在分词”。第三人称单数用has,其他人称用have。例如:
How long has it been snowing? 雪下多久了?
They have been making that kind of kites for more than 100 years.
他们制作那种风筝已经有一百多年的历史了。
三、掌握用法
1. 表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,这一动作可能刚刚停止,也可能仍然继续进行下去。例如:
Kate has been writing in English since three years ago.
凯特从三年前以来一直用英语写作。
Have you been playing volleyball after school these days?
这些天放学后你们都在打排球吗?
2. 表示不久前刚结束的动作,这个意义应根据上文来判断。例如:
Where have you been? What have you been doing? 你到哪儿去了?干什么去了?
3. 有些不能用现在进行时的动词,如be, have, know, like, love, hear, see 等,同样也不能用现在完成进行时,而应用现在完成时(以后会学到这种时态)。例如:
John has been ill for a week or so. 约翰病了一周左右了。
I have heard the strange sound many times. 我听见那种奇怪的声音好几次了。
四、运用句型
学习现在完成进行时,还要注意它的句型变化:变否定句时,在助动词have/has 后面直接加not,可以缩写成haven’t/hasn’t;变一般疑问句时,把助动词have/has提到主语的前面,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+have/has.”,否定回答用“No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.”。例如:
Catherine has been cycling to school for the last three weeks.
凯瑟琳最近三星期一直骑自行车上学。
否定句:Catherine hasn’t been cycling to school for the last three weeks.
一般疑问句:Has Catherine been cycling to school for the last three weeks?
Yes, she has./No, she hasn’t.
五、注意区别
学习现在完成进行时,我们要注意其和现在完成时的区别:
1. 现在完成时强调动作的最终结果,而现在完成进行时强调动作的直接结果。例如:
They have swept the floor. 他们扫过地了。(结果是现在地面很干净,也可能是昨天扫的)
They have been sweeping the floor. 他们一直在扫地。(直接结果可能是他们现在还在扫,身上都是灰尘)
2. 有时现在完成时有延续性(如一些属于持续性的动词),但在强调动作延续时间的长久时,用现在完成进行时更多一些。例如:
She has lived in Jinan since 1995. 从1995年以来她就住在济南。
She has always been eating dinner like that. 她一贯是那样吃饭的。
3. 现在完成进行时往往表示现在以前这段时期反复发生的动作,而现在完成时则常常不带重复性。例如:
Have you been chatting with her lately? (有“经常聊天”的意思)
Have you chatted with her lately? (只表示“最近你和她聊天了吗?”,没有经常的意思)
4. 现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩;而现在完成时只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有感情色彩。例如:
They’ve been building a big ship for our motherland.
(本句含有称赞、惊奇、佩服的意味,船还没造好)
They’ve built a big ship for our motherland.
(只说明“他们为祖国造了一艘大轮船”这件事情)
六、巩固练习
一、句型转换,一空一词。
1. Fred has been sleeping since 10 o’clock yesterday evening. (改为否定句)
Fred ____ ____ ____ since 10 o’clock yesterday evening.
2. I’ve been working on the night shift for a lot of days. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
“____ you ____ ____ on the night shift for a lot of days?” “____, I ____.”
3. Miss Dean has been skating for three hours. (对划线部分提问)
____ ____ ____ Miss Dean ____ skating?
4. We swam in the river half an hour ago. (用现在完成进行时改写)
We ____ ____ ____ in the river ____ half an hour.
5. David has been studying Japanese for two years. (改为同义句)
David has been studying Japanese ____ ____ ____ ____.
二、完成句子,一空一词。
6. 李慧整个下午都在看那场精彩的足球比赛。
Li Hui ____ ____ ____ the wonderful football match all afternoon.
7. 自从中学毕业,戴安娜一直在写那篇小说。
Dianna ____ ____ ____ the novel since she ____ the middle school.
8. 很抱歉,我来迟了。你在这儿等了多长时间?
Sorry, I’m late. How long ____ you ____ ____ here?
9. 我们想做这事儿很久了。
We ____ ____ ____ to do it for a long time.
10. 安吉拉,好几个月没见你了。最近在做什么?
Angela, I ____ ____ you ____ months. What ____ you ____ ____ recently?
[Key:一、1.hasn’t been sleeping 2.Have; been working; No; haven’t 3.How long has; been 4.have been swimming; for 5.since two years ago 二、6.has been watching 7.has been writing; finished 8.have; been waiting 9.have; been wanting 10.haven’t seen; for; have; been doing]
现在完成进行时主要表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间,这动作可能仍然在进行,也可能停止了一会儿。例如:
We have just been talking about you. 我们正谈论你呢。
Jack has been watching TV all day. 杰克一整天都在看电视。
二、用准结构
现在完成进行时的基本结构为“have/has been+现在分词”。第三人称单数用has,其他人称用have。例如:
How long has it been snowing? 雪下多久了?
They have been making that kind of kites for more than 100 years.
他们制作那种风筝已经有一百多年的历史了。
三、掌握用法
1. 表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,这一动作可能刚刚停止,也可能仍然继续进行下去。例如:
Kate has been writing in English since three years ago.
凯特从三年前以来一直用英语写作。
Have you been playing volleyball after school these days?
这些天放学后你们都在打排球吗?
2. 表示不久前刚结束的动作,这个意义应根据上文来判断。例如:
Where have you been? What have you been doing? 你到哪儿去了?干什么去了?
3. 有些不能用现在进行时的动词,如be, have, know, like, love, hear, see 等,同样也不能用现在完成进行时,而应用现在完成时(以后会学到这种时态)。例如:
John has been ill for a week or so. 约翰病了一周左右了。
I have heard the strange sound many times. 我听见那种奇怪的声音好几次了。
四、运用句型
学习现在完成进行时,还要注意它的句型变化:变否定句时,在助动词have/has 后面直接加not,可以缩写成haven’t/hasn’t;变一般疑问句时,把助动词have/has提到主语的前面,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+have/has.”,否定回答用“No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.”。例如:
Catherine has been cycling to school for the last three weeks.
凯瑟琳最近三星期一直骑自行车上学。
否定句:Catherine hasn’t been cycling to school for the last three weeks.
一般疑问句:Has Catherine been cycling to school for the last three weeks?
Yes, she has./No, she hasn’t.
五、注意区别
学习现在完成进行时,我们要注意其和现在完成时的区别:
1. 现在完成时强调动作的最终结果,而现在完成进行时强调动作的直接结果。例如:
They have swept the floor. 他们扫过地了。(结果是现在地面很干净,也可能是昨天扫的)
They have been sweeping the floor. 他们一直在扫地。(直接结果可能是他们现在还在扫,身上都是灰尘)
2. 有时现在完成时有延续性(如一些属于持续性的动词),但在强调动作延续时间的长久时,用现在完成进行时更多一些。例如:
She has lived in Jinan since 1995. 从1995年以来她就住在济南。
She has always been eating dinner like that. 她一贯是那样吃饭的。
3. 现在完成进行时往往表示现在以前这段时期反复发生的动作,而现在完成时则常常不带重复性。例如:
Have you been chatting with her lately? (有“经常聊天”的意思)
Have you chatted with her lately? (只表示“最近你和她聊天了吗?”,没有经常的意思)
4. 现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩;而现在完成时只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有感情色彩。例如:
They’ve been building a big ship for our motherland.
(本句含有称赞、惊奇、佩服的意味,船还没造好)
They’ve built a big ship for our motherland.
(只说明“他们为祖国造了一艘大轮船”这件事情)
六、巩固练习
一、句型转换,一空一词。
1. Fred has been sleeping since 10 o’clock yesterday evening. (改为否定句)
Fred ____ ____ ____ since 10 o’clock yesterday evening.
2. I’ve been working on the night shift for a lot of days. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
“____ you ____ ____ on the night shift for a lot of days?” “____, I ____.”
3. Miss Dean has been skating for three hours. (对划线部分提问)
____ ____ ____ Miss Dean ____ skating?
4. We swam in the river half an hour ago. (用现在完成进行时改写)
We ____ ____ ____ in the river ____ half an hour.
5. David has been studying Japanese for two years. (改为同义句)
David has been studying Japanese ____ ____ ____ ____.
二、完成句子,一空一词。
6. 李慧整个下午都在看那场精彩的足球比赛。
Li Hui ____ ____ ____ the wonderful football match all afternoon.
7. 自从中学毕业,戴安娜一直在写那篇小说。
Dianna ____ ____ ____ the novel since she ____ the middle school.
8. 很抱歉,我来迟了。你在这儿等了多长时间?
Sorry, I’m late. How long ____ you ____ ____ here?
9. 我们想做这事儿很久了。
We ____ ____ ____ to do it for a long time.
10. 安吉拉,好几个月没见你了。最近在做什么?
Angela, I ____ ____ you ____ months. What ____ you ____ ____ recently?
[Key:一、1.hasn’t been sleeping 2.Have; been working; No; haven’t 3.How long has; been 4.have been swimming; for 5.since two years ago 二、6.has been watching 7.has been writing; finished 8.have; been waiting 9.have; been wanting 10.haven’t seen; for; have; been doing]