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目的通过对2013-2015年安徽省人感染H7N9禽流感病例流行病学和实验室检测结果分析,为该疾病防控提供理论依据。方法采用流行病学个案调查与描述流行病学相结合方法收集分析人感染H7N9禽流感病例资料,采集病例、密接、禽类等标本进行实验室检测。结果 25例人感染H7N9禽流感病例中位年龄为61.95岁,50岁及以上年龄组病例占80.00%,男女性别比为11.5∶1。病例发生于2~5月,报告病例最多的为安庆市占24.00%,其次为滁州市占16.00%;84.00%的病例报告伴有基础疾病史;病例发病到首诊中位时间为1天,发病到住院中位时间为4天,发病到确诊中位时间为7天,发病到使用抗病毒药物时间为6天;64.00%的病例发病前有明确活禽或活禽市场接触史,环境标本中标本阳性率为6.85%;病例毒株测序比对结果显示2013年与2014年仍高度同源。结论人感染H7N9禽流感在安徽省呈现散发态势;老年男性,特别是有慢性基础性疾病者是安徽省人感染H7N9禽流感病例的高危人群;感染来源可能与活禽或活禽交易市场暴露有关,暂无证据支持病毒的人际间传播。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological and laboratory results of H7N9 bird flu in Anhui province from 2013 to 2015 so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of this disease. Methods A case-by-case survey of epidemiology and a descriptive epidemiology method were used to collect and analyze cases of human H7N9 avian influenza infection. Samples of cases, intimacy and poultry were collected for laboratory testing. Results The median age of 25 cases of H7N9 bird flu was 61.95 years. The age group of 50 years old and over accounted for 80.00%. The sex ratio of male to female was 11.5:1. The cases occurred in 2 ~ May, the highest reported cases were Anqing City, accounting for 24.00%, followed by Chuzhou City, accounting for 16.00%; 84.00% of the cases reported with underlying disease history; case onset to the first diagnosis of median time was 1 day, The median time to hospitalization was 4 days, the median time to diagnosis was 7 days, the time to use antiviral drugs was 6 days, and the history of exposure to live poultry or live poultry was 64.0% The positive rate of the samples was 6.85%. The results of sequencing and sequencing showed that the strains were highly homologous in 2013 and 2014. Conclusions Human avian influenza A (H7N9) bird flu is emerging in Anhui Province. Elderly men, especially those with chronic underlying diseases, are at high risk of H7N9 bird flu in Anhui Province. Sources of infection may be related to the exposure of live poultry or live poultry markets There is no evidence to support interpersonal transmission of the virus.