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20世纪80年代到90年代,当主流经济学不断受到严峻考验之时,实证社会选择理论应运而生。实证社会选择理论从社会实证出发以实验研究的方法确立的“保障底线收入的前提下最大化社会效益平均效用”的底线优先原则得到了经济学家的承认,在罗尔斯的最大社会不利原则与豪尔绍尼的最大社会效用原则之间开辟出一条中间道路。本文主要讨论“理性人”选择中间道路的动机是出于对风险的规避还是人类本身的公平偏好这一问题来为底线优先原则提供理论支撑。
From the 1980s to the 1990s, when the mainstream economics continued to suffer a severe test, empirical social choice theory came into being. Empirical social choice theory from the social empirical test established by experimental methods “to protect the bottom line of income under the premise of maximizing the average utility of social benefits, ” the bottom line priority principle has been recognized by economists in Rawls’s largest society The unfavorable principle opened the middle ground with Hurchaoni’s principle of maximum social utility. This paper mainly discusses the motive of “rational people” choosing the middle road out of the risk aversion or the fair preference of human beings to provide theoretical support for the principle of bottom priority.