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目的了解苍南县中小学生伤害发生情况,分析影响因素和伤害负担。方法采用比例分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取4926名中小学生。采用自制问卷,调查过去一年伤害发生与处置情况。结果伤害和伤害事件发生率分别为25.94%(1278/4926)和40.84%(2012/4926)。跌倒、扭伤、刀割伤、交通伤、环境和自然因素受害居前5位。民办学校、农村学校、好动、视力异常、非独生子女和单亲家庭的学生伤害发生率高于公办学校、城镇学校、文静、视力正常、独生子女和双亲家庭的学生;初中组发生率最高,小学1～3年级组最低;做家务和高月花费是伤害的危险因素。平均每例伤者治疗/休息2.47 d,缺课1.17 d,家人陪护1.93 d,误工1.01 d,年人均费用337.85元。结论苍南县中小学生伤害发生率较高,负担重,伤害发生与个人、家庭、环境等因素有关;建立监测系统,开展健康教育,加强多部门合作,开展科研和干预十分必要。
Objective To understand the incidence of injuries among primary and secondary students in Cangnan County and analyze the influencing factors and the injury burden. Methods The proportion stratified random cluster sampling method, extraction of 4926 primary and secondary students. A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the occurrence and treatment of injuries in the past year. Results The incidence of injuries and injuries were 25.94% (1278/4926) and 40.84% (2012/4926), respectively. Falling, sprains, knife cuts, traffic injuries, environmental and natural factors topped the list. Private schools, rural schools, hyperactivity, abnormal visual acuity, students of non-only-child and single-parent families had higher incidence of injury than those in public schools, urban schools, quiet, normal eyesight, single children and parents; Primary 1 to 3 grade group minimum; housework and high monthly cost is a risk factor for injury. The average number of patients per treatment / rest 2.47 d, absent class 1.17 d, family members 1.93 d, lost time 1.01 d, annual per capita cost 337.85 yuan. Conclusion Primary and secondary school students in Cangnan County have a higher incidence of injuries and heavier burdens. The occurrence of injuries is related to personal, family and environment factors. It is necessary to establish monitoring system, carry out health education, strengthen multisectoral cooperation and carry out scientific research and intervention.