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五十年代,在电子技术领域内成长起来一门新的学科——可靠性理论。它是研究电子元件和整机的可靠性的,它的理论基础是概率论和数理统计,当电子元件的性能参数作随机变化时,利用它可以计算得到系统的可靠度。六十年代开始,可靠性理论迅速向机械工程渗透。零部件的失效概率、失效模型和系统的可靠性受到了普遍的重视。近年来,可靠性理论已发展起来三个相互有关的分支:(1)可靠性工程:主要进行零部件或系统的可靠性设计和可靠性分析,或某一大工程的可靠性分析;(2)可靠性物理:又称失效物理学或故障物理学。主要研究失效的物理原因和模型;(3)可靠性数学:研究可靠性的定量规律。可靠理论在机械工程中的应用主要有下列几个方面。
In the fifties, a new discipline, reliability theory, has grown up in the field of electronic technology. It is to study the reliability of electronic components and the whole machine. Its theoretical basis is probability theory and mathematical statistics. When the performance parameters of electronic components are changed randomly, it can be used to calculate the reliability of the system. Since the 1960s, reliability theory has rapidly penetrated into mechanical engineering. The failure probability, failure model, and reliability of the system have received widespread attention. In recent years, reliability theory has developed three branches that are related to each other: (1) Reliability Engineering: The reliability design and reliability analysis of parts or systems, or the reliability analysis of a large project; (2) Reliability Physics: Also known as failure physics or fault physics. The main research is the failure of the physical causes and models; (3) Reliability mathematics: study of the quantitative law of reliability. The application of reliable theory in mechanical engineering mainly includes the following aspects.