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摘要为比较3种不同滤料在封闭循环水养殖中水体净化效果,通过构建3套封闭循环水养殖试验系统,分析了在相同体积的滤器中毛刷滤料、移动床滤料和结构滤料3种不同生物滤料对生物过滤硝化作用效果的影响关键词养殖污水;生物滤料;硝化效率;运行方式;封闭循环水养殖
中图分类号S959,X172文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)24-08198-02
Water Purification Effect of Biofilters Packing within Different Media in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
SONG Benben et al (Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200092)
AbstractTo study water purification effect of these samesize biofilters packing with different media in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), three RAS systems were designed and constructed to explore and discuss the differences of nitrification efficiency of the brusher media, movingbed media and structural media. This study showed that, there are no significant differences on TAN (Total Ammonium Nitrogen) removal rates among three kinds of media in same size biofilters, but VTR (Volumetric TAN Removal Rate) significantly. The mean VTR values of brusher media, movingbed media and structural media respectively are (18.66±9.30), (62.19±30.49), (16.34±7.87 ) g/(m3·d). The VTR values are significantly different between moving bed and stationary bed operation schemes. Moving bed VTR is significantly higher than stationary bed biofilters packed within brusher media and structural media(P<0.01).
Key words Aquaculture wastewater; Biofilter media; Nitrification efficiency; Operation scheme; Recirculating aquaculture system
生物滤器在高密度封闭循环水养殖水处理中发挥着核心作用,具有去除氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、有机物和CO2等功能,是封闭循环水养殖系统成功运行的关键[1]。目前,国内工厂化循环水养殖常用的生物滤器有毛刷状弹性填料滤池、结构化填料滤池、移动床、流化砂床和珠式生物滤器等多种生物过滤水处理方式,其中每种生物滤器均使用不同的生物滤料。按照不同的运行方式,浸没式生物过滤器大体可分为固定床生物滤器和移动床生物滤器[2-4]。生物滤料是生物滤器的核心,为微生物的生长附着提供基质[5]。不同滤料、不同运行方式和不同工艺组合形式等都对生物滤器的水处理效果具有重要的影响。不同滤器形式性能各有优劣,价格各不相同,评价标准不一,导致在封闭循环水养殖系统设计中存在性价比、能耗、空间利用和体积比等重要参数不统一,难以做到客观评价[6-7]。基于此,笔者通过比较同一种生物滤器中3种不同滤料的养殖污水处理效果,探讨不同滤料的硝化作用差异,以期为各种生物滤料的科学合理使用提供参考依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1试验设计设计并构建3套中试规模罗非鱼封闭循环水养殖系统(图1),不同运行方式对VTR有极显著影响,移动床的VTR明显高于毛刷滤料与结构滤料的固定床式生物滤器,差异极显著(P<0.01);同属于固定床的毛刷滤料与结构滤料之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。这是由于移动床通过移动床滤料流化过程使移动床滤料均匀分布,增大生物膜与污水的传质面积,强化气液两相间的传质过程,提高溶解氧、底物、代谢产物等物质的传质速率和利用率[15],丰富了好氧微生物种群(尤其是硝化细菌)从而提高移动床生物滤器的硝化效率[4]。
从经济性、硝化效率、耐久性和比表面积等方面[16-17]综合考虑,毛刷滤料、移动床滤料和结构化滤料等3种滤料在养殖废水处理中各有优劣,都有着广泛的应用前景。该试验表明在一定體积的生物滤器中,3种滤料对TAN去除率的影响差异不显著,但VTR差异较大。不同运行方式对VTR有极显著影响,移动床的VTR明显高于毛刷滤料与结构滤料的固定床式生物滤器,差异极显著。笔者仅对该HRT10.5 min、水温24~30 ℃下的不同生物滤料水处理效果进行了比较,进一步研究各种工况、运行形式和组合形式下不同滤料的水处理效果以及生物滤器的最佳工况参数与运行管理方式,为生物过滤在工业化循环水养殖中的组合运用与管理提供参考,对提高生物过滤技术的稳定性与高效性、推动工业化养殖的发展有着重要意义。 安徽农业科学2014年参考文献
[1] 宋奔奔,刘鹰,石芳永,等.四种填料滤器处理养鱼废水的硝化性能[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(11):231-236.
[2] TIMMONS M B,EBELING J M.Recirculating aquaculture[M].New York:NRAC Publication,2002:290,362.
[3] SUHR K I,PEDERSEN P B.Nitrification in moving bed and fixed bed biofilters treating effluent water from a large commercial outdoor rainbow trout RAS[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2010,42(1):31-37.
[4] RUSTEN B,EIKEBROKK B,ULGENES Y,et al.Design and operations of the Kaldnes moving bed biofilm reactors[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2006,34(3):322-331.
[5] GUTIERREZWING M T,MALONE R F.Biological filters in aquaculture:Trends and research directions for freshwater and marine applications[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2006,34(1):163-171.
[6] COLT J,LAMOUREUX J,PATTERSON R,et al.Reporting standards for biofilter performance studies[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2006,34(3):377-388.
[7] DRENNANII D G,HOSLER K C,FRANCIS,et al.Standardized evaluation and rating of biofilters II.Manufacturer’s and user’s perspective[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2006,34(2):403-416.
[8] RODGERS M,ZHANX M.Movingmedium biofilm reactors[J].Reviews in Environmental Science and BioTechnology,2003,2:213-224.
[9] PFEIFFER T J,WILLSB P S.Evaluation of three types of structured floating plastic media in moving bed biofilters for total ammonia nitrogen removal in a low salinity hatchery recirculating aquaculture system[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2011,45(2):51-59.
[10] SUHR K I,PEDERSEN P B.Nitrification in moving bed and fixed bed biofilters treating effluent water from a large commercial outdoor rainbow trout RAS[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2010,42(1):31-37.
[11] SNCHEZ I A O,MATSUMOTOB T.Hydrodynamic characterization and performance evaluation of an aerobic three phase airlift fluidized bed reactor in a recirculation aquaculture system for Nile Tilapia production[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2012,47(1):16-26.
[12] GUERDAT T C,LOSORDO T M,CLASSEN J J,et al.An evaluation of commercially available biological filters for recirculating aquaculture systems[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2010.42(1):38-49.
[13] 徐斌,夏四清,胡晨燕,等.MBBR工艺预处理黄浦江微污染原水[J].中国给水排水,2004,20(8):5-9.
[14] FRANCONAVAA M A,BLANCHETON J P,DEVILLERA G,et al.Effect of fish size and hydraulic regime on particulate organic matter dynamics in a recirculating aquaculture system:elemental carbon and nitrogen approach[J].Aquaculture,2004,239(1/4):179-198.
[15] YANG S,YANG F L,FU Z M,et al.Comparison between a moving bed membrane bioreactor and a conventional membrane bioreactor on organic carbon and nitrogen removal[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(8):2369-2374.
[16] 何潔,刘长发,王海,等.3种载体生物滤器对养殖废水处理效果[J].中国水产科学,2003,10(3):241-245.
[17] LEKANG O I,KLEPPE H.Efficiency of nitrification in trickling filters using different filter media[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2000,21(1):181-199.
中图分类号S959,X172文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)24-08198-02
Water Purification Effect of Biofilters Packing within Different Media in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
SONG Benben et al (Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200092)
AbstractTo study water purification effect of these samesize biofilters packing with different media in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), three RAS systems were designed and constructed to explore and discuss the differences of nitrification efficiency of the brusher media, movingbed media and structural media. This study showed that, there are no significant differences on TAN (Total Ammonium Nitrogen) removal rates among three kinds of media in same size biofilters, but VTR (Volumetric TAN Removal Rate) significantly. The mean VTR values of brusher media, movingbed media and structural media respectively are (18.66±9.30), (62.19±30.49), (16.34±7.87 ) g/(m3·d). The VTR values are significantly different between moving bed and stationary bed operation schemes. Moving bed VTR is significantly higher than stationary bed biofilters packed within brusher media and structural media(P<0.01).
Key words Aquaculture wastewater; Biofilter media; Nitrification efficiency; Operation scheme; Recirculating aquaculture system
生物滤器在高密度封闭循环水养殖水处理中发挥着核心作用,具有去除氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、有机物和CO2等功能,是封闭循环水养殖系统成功运行的关键[1]。目前,国内工厂化循环水养殖常用的生物滤器有毛刷状弹性填料滤池、结构化填料滤池、移动床、流化砂床和珠式生物滤器等多种生物过滤水处理方式,其中每种生物滤器均使用不同的生物滤料。按照不同的运行方式,浸没式生物过滤器大体可分为固定床生物滤器和移动床生物滤器[2-4]。生物滤料是生物滤器的核心,为微生物的生长附着提供基质[5]。不同滤料、不同运行方式和不同工艺组合形式等都对生物滤器的水处理效果具有重要的影响。不同滤器形式性能各有优劣,价格各不相同,评价标准不一,导致在封闭循环水养殖系统设计中存在性价比、能耗、空间利用和体积比等重要参数不统一,难以做到客观评价[6-7]。基于此,笔者通过比较同一种生物滤器中3种不同滤料的养殖污水处理效果,探讨不同滤料的硝化作用差异,以期为各种生物滤料的科学合理使用提供参考依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1试验设计设计并构建3套中试规模罗非鱼封闭循环水养殖系统(图1),不同运行方式对VTR有极显著影响,移动床的VTR明显高于毛刷滤料与结构滤料的固定床式生物滤器,差异极显著(P<0.01);同属于固定床的毛刷滤料与结构滤料之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。这是由于移动床通过移动床滤料流化过程使移动床滤料均匀分布,增大生物膜与污水的传质面积,强化气液两相间的传质过程,提高溶解氧、底物、代谢产物等物质的传质速率和利用率[15],丰富了好氧微生物种群(尤其是硝化细菌)从而提高移动床生物滤器的硝化效率[4]。
从经济性、硝化效率、耐久性和比表面积等方面[16-17]综合考虑,毛刷滤料、移动床滤料和结构化滤料等3种滤料在养殖废水处理中各有优劣,都有着广泛的应用前景。该试验表明在一定體积的生物滤器中,3种滤料对TAN去除率的影响差异不显著,但VTR差异较大。不同运行方式对VTR有极显著影响,移动床的VTR明显高于毛刷滤料与结构滤料的固定床式生物滤器,差异极显著。笔者仅对该HRT10.5 min、水温24~30 ℃下的不同生物滤料水处理效果进行了比较,进一步研究各种工况、运行形式和组合形式下不同滤料的水处理效果以及生物滤器的最佳工况参数与运行管理方式,为生物过滤在工业化循环水养殖中的组合运用与管理提供参考,对提高生物过滤技术的稳定性与高效性、推动工业化养殖的发展有着重要意义。 安徽农业科学2014年参考文献
[1] 宋奔奔,刘鹰,石芳永,等.四种填料滤器处理养鱼废水的硝化性能[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(11):231-236.
[2] TIMMONS M B,EBELING J M.Recirculating aquaculture[M].New York:NRAC Publication,2002:290,362.
[3] SUHR K I,PEDERSEN P B.Nitrification in moving bed and fixed bed biofilters treating effluent water from a large commercial outdoor rainbow trout RAS[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2010,42(1):31-37.
[4] RUSTEN B,EIKEBROKK B,ULGENES Y,et al.Design and operations of the Kaldnes moving bed biofilm reactors[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2006,34(3):322-331.
[5] GUTIERREZWING M T,MALONE R F.Biological filters in aquaculture:Trends and research directions for freshwater and marine applications[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2006,34(1):163-171.
[6] COLT J,LAMOUREUX J,PATTERSON R,et al.Reporting standards for biofilter performance studies[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2006,34(3):377-388.
[7] DRENNANII D G,HOSLER K C,FRANCIS,et al.Standardized evaluation and rating of biofilters II.Manufacturer’s and user’s perspective[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2006,34(2):403-416.
[8] RODGERS M,ZHANX M.Movingmedium biofilm reactors[J].Reviews in Environmental Science and BioTechnology,2003,2:213-224.
[9] PFEIFFER T J,WILLSB P S.Evaluation of three types of structured floating plastic media in moving bed biofilters for total ammonia nitrogen removal in a low salinity hatchery recirculating aquaculture system[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2011,45(2):51-59.
[10] SUHR K I,PEDERSEN P B.Nitrification in moving bed and fixed bed biofilters treating effluent water from a large commercial outdoor rainbow trout RAS[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2010,42(1):31-37.
[11] SNCHEZ I A O,MATSUMOTOB T.Hydrodynamic characterization and performance evaluation of an aerobic three phase airlift fluidized bed reactor in a recirculation aquaculture system for Nile Tilapia production[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2012,47(1):16-26.
[12] GUERDAT T C,LOSORDO T M,CLASSEN J J,et al.An evaluation of commercially available biological filters for recirculating aquaculture systems[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2010.42(1):38-49.
[13] 徐斌,夏四清,胡晨燕,等.MBBR工艺预处理黄浦江微污染原水[J].中国给水排水,2004,20(8):5-9.
[14] FRANCONAVAA M A,BLANCHETON J P,DEVILLERA G,et al.Effect of fish size and hydraulic regime on particulate organic matter dynamics in a recirculating aquaculture system:elemental carbon and nitrogen approach[J].Aquaculture,2004,239(1/4):179-198.
[15] YANG S,YANG F L,FU Z M,et al.Comparison between a moving bed membrane bioreactor and a conventional membrane bioreactor on organic carbon and nitrogen removal[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(8):2369-2374.
[16] 何潔,刘长发,王海,等.3种载体生物滤器对养殖废水处理效果[J].中国水产科学,2003,10(3):241-245.
[17] LEKANG O I,KLEPPE H.Efficiency of nitrification in trickling filters using different filter media[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2000,21(1):181-199.