高考作文辅导——如何写开放作文

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  写作练习
  请结合下面的材料,按要求用英文写作,词数不少于100。
  “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration”
  —Thomas Edison
  1 针对名言发表你的感想;
  2 应紧扣材料,有明确的观点。
  【参考范文1】
  What Thomas Edison said suggests that it is not inspiration but hard work that leads to success. Some people think that many famous people have succeeded just because they were born with special talents. Actually, their success comes from hard work.
  Take Thomas Edison for example. Though he studied in school for only three months because of poverty, he taught himself and learned a lot. He made more than 2,000 inventions in his life, some of which have greatly improved our life. While inventing the light bulb, Thomas Edison had tried more than 1,600 materials and failed, but he didn’t give up easily. It was his persistence and hard work that led to his final success. He set a good example to us all.
  It is clear that hard work leads to success. If you are to make great contributions to society, you have to keep on trying until you succeed.
  【范文剖析】
  1.范文共分三个段落:第一段谈了自己对写作素材,即爱迪生名言的理解,并亮明自己的观点——“成功不是靠特异功能,而是努力的结果”;第二段举例证明自己的观点。用美国著名发明家爱迪生做出众多发明的例子,说明他的成功源自其坚持不懈的努力;最后一段为结论段,总结前文,并得出结论:努力才能成功。如果你想有所做作为,就要刻苦努力。
  2.第二段用Take Thomas Edison for example一句作为过渡语,使上下文巧妙地连接起来。爱迪生的例子恰恰证明了他的成功不是因为他是天才,而是一步一个脚印踏实工作的结果。本段的举例恰如其分地证明了第一段的论点。
  3.第三段在第二段论述的基础上得出结论, 不仅升华了主题,而且突出了中心,圆满完成了写作任务。
  4. 短语亮点
  not…but… 不是……而是……
  come from 来自于
  take…for example 以……为例
  because of 由于
  teach oneself 自学
  give up 放弃
  lead to 导致
  set a good example to sb. 为某人树立好榜样
  make contributions to 为……做贡献
  keep on doing sth. 一直做某事
  5. 句子亮点
  1) 主语从句和宾语从句: What Thomas Edison said suggests that it is not inspiration but hard work that leads to success.
  2) 主语从句: It is clear that hard work leads to success.
  3) 宾语从句和状语从句: Some people think that many famous people have succeeded just because they were born with special talents.
  4) 状语从句: Though he studied in school for only three months because of poverty, he taught himself and learned a lot;If you are to make great contributions to society, you have to keep on trying until you succeed.
  5) 定语从句: He made more than 2,000 inventions in his life, some of which have greatly improved our life;
  6) 并列句: Thomas Edison had tried more than 1,600 materials and failed, but he didn’t give up easily.   7) 强调句式: It was his persistence and hard work that led to his final success.
  【技巧点拨】
  近年来,越来越多省份在高考中采用开放性作文。开放性英语作文的特点是,试题中没有提供具体的写作要点,仅仅提供了一幅漫画、一句名言或是一个话题,要求考生在正确理解写作素材的基础上,自主确定写作的内容和主题。随着试题开放性的不断增强,高考书面表达对考生的写作能力提出了更高的要求。一些考生觉得开放性作文比较难写,原因在于没有现成的写作要点和提纲可以参考,考生需要自主确定写作的内容和主题。
  那么,我们如何写好开放作文?首先,正确理解和分析写作素材,确定写作的话题和主题。其次,紧紧围绕着写作素材列出写作提纲。然后,根据提纲展开写作。
  开放作文通常由三部分组成:首先谈谈自己对所给材料的理解,包括字面意思和隐含意义。本段表明了短文写作的主题和中心。然后,选取一个恰当的事例来支撑自己的中心论点。这样的短文言之有物,内容充实。最后,对前文进行简要的归纳和总结,得出结论,升华主题。
  写好开放性作文的关键是对写作素材的分析和概括,只有确定了短文主旨大意,我们才不会写跑题。如果理解不准确,写出的观点就会与所给材料的内容不符;如果概括不准确,写出来的短文的中心思想就会偏离材料的主旨。因此,考生应准确提炼出写作素材的主旨要意,然后选取适当的例子来支撑自己的观点。最后一段首尾呼应,再次表明观点。
  ★ 写开放作文可能用到的句式
  1) 概括写作材料用到的句式
  I couldn’t agree with…more. 我完全同意某人的话……As the saying goes… 正如俗话所说……What someone says suggests that… 某人的话的含义是……I totally agree with what…says. 我非常赞同……说的话。The saying…reminds me of… ……这种说法让我想到……
  2) 结论段用到的句式
  As is mentioned above… 正如前文提到的……
  In summary/conclusion 总的来说
  In short 简言之
  In my view/opinion 我认为
  It is clear/obvious/evident that… 显然……
  名师简介
  昝亚娟,河南师范大学教育硕士,河南省教师教育专家,首批中小学正高级教师。从事教育工作29年,其中25年担任毕业班教学。在英语报纸杂志发表稿件一千多篇,为《英语周报》、《学生双语报》、《学生英语报》、天星教育图书公司特约作者,主编和参编英语教辅图书八十多本。连续多年荣获英语周报“金笔作者奖” 。
  【订正】
  CE: Teens 2014年11月号“强调句与状语从句辨析”一文中,P57的2005年山东高考题答案分析有误,特此更正。
  —_________ that he managed to get the information?(2005山东)—Oh, a friend of his helped him.
  A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it
  【名师点拨】根据答语“a friend of his helped him”可知,第一句问“他究竟是如何获得了信息?”因此被强调部分为疑问词how。我们先确定疑问词用how,然后把题干变为陈述句:It was how that he managed to get the information. 然后,再把这个句子变为特殊疑问句,我们就可以得出答案为C。
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