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摘要：本文列举了《大学英语》中常见的倒装句类型及其相应的典型题例，并指出理解倒装句和解题的要领与技巧。
关键词：倒装句；强调
《大学英语》中常见到句子的倒装，有时会对我们的阅读理解和练习带来一定的困难，其实，只要把握了倒装句的特征，问题就能迎刃而解。下面我讲解倒装句的种类和并举出一些典型的题例：
一、全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1）here，there，now，then，thus等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用be，come，go，lie，run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。如：Here he comes.
Away they went. 是不对的。
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do，does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1）句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no，not，never，seldom，little，hardly，at no time，in no way，not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题
1）Why can't I smoke here?
At no time_ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permitted
B.smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted
D.does smoking permit答案A.
这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no，little，hardly，seldom，never，not only，not until等。本题的正常语序是Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2）Not until the early years of the 19th century_what heat is.
A. man did know
B. man know
C. didn't man know
D. did man know
答案D.
看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th.现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了，否则意思就变了。
三、以否定词开头作部分倒装
如Not only…but also，Hardly/Scarcely…when，No sooner…than
Not only did he refuse the gift，he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例题No sooner_than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began
B.has the game begunC. did the game begin
D.had the game begun答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句（谓语前置）。这类表示否定意义的词有never，seldom，scarcely，little，few，not，hardly，以及not only…but （also），no sooner…than，hardly…when scarcely…when等等。注意：只有当Not only…but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only…but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
四、so，neither，nor作部分倒装
表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go， neither will I.典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know， _____.
A. nor don't I careB. nor do I care
C. I don't care neitherD. I don't care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思“也不关心”，因此句子应倒装。A错在用don't 再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。
注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard.
---So it is.
五、only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way， can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill， does he ever stay in bed
六、as， though引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词，副词，分词，实义动词提前）。注意：1）句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2）句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will， he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意：让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。
七、其他部分倒装
1）so…that句型中的so位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2）在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3）在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were，had，should等词，可将if省略，把were，had，should移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you， I would try it again.
典型例题：
1）Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did knowB. man knew
C. didn't man knowD. did man know
答案为D.
否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2）Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realizeB. did I realize
C. I didn't realizeD. I realize
3）Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know， ___.
A. nor don't I careB. nor do I care
C. I don't care neitherD. I don't care also
解析：答案为B.
句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示“也不”。由so， neither，nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中，so用于肯定句，而neither，nor用在否定句中。
八、虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were，should，或had，可将if省略，再把were，should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Were they here now， they could help us.
=If they were here now， they could help us.
Had you come earlier， you would have met him
=If you had come earlier， you would have met him.
Should it rain， the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain， the crops would be saved.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。
If I were you， I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here， everything would be all right.
如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work， I should do it some other day.
A. If were IB. I wereC. Were ID. Was I
答案C.
在虚拟条件状语中如果有were，should，had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前，变成were，should，had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说Were I not to do.，而不能说Weren't I to do。
九、强调句结构
常考的强调句结构是it引导的句子。
It is （was）被强调部分+that（who）+句子其他部分。
此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。
It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
典型例题
1）It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A.he timeB.whenC.thatD.which
答案C.
强调句的结构是：It +be +强调部分+ that（who）+主谓句。
强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用“who”，其余用that。
原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语：It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语：It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间：It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.（注意不用when）
强调地点：It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.2）It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. thatB. whenC. sinceD. as
答案C.
考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为A. that.其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It
be…that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉'It is…that'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
总之，倒装句是为了强调，这种强调可以分成为单纯强调性强调和语法性强调，单纯强调的倒装只要把欲强调的部分放在句首，一般是采用全部倒装形式。语法要求倒装基本是部分倒装，像以否定词开头作部分倒装、so neither nor作部分倒装、only在句首的部分倒装、as /though引导的倒装、虚拟条件句的倒装、强调句中的部分倒装等等，做这类句子只要记住该类型的语法规则，就能够举一反三，这类型的句子都难不倒你。
关键词：倒装句；强调
《大学英语》中常见到句子的倒装，有时会对我们的阅读理解和练习带来一定的困难，其实，只要把握了倒装句的特征，问题就能迎刃而解。下面我讲解倒装句的种类和并举出一些典型的题例：
一、全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1）here，there，now，then，thus等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用be，come，go，lie，run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。如：Here he comes.
Away they went. 是不对的。
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do，does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1）句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no，not，never，seldom，little，hardly，at no time，in no way，not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题
1）Why can't I smoke here?
At no time_ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permitted
B.smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted
D.does smoking permit答案A.
这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no，little，hardly，seldom，never，not only，not until等。本题的正常语序是Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2）Not until the early years of the 19th century_what heat is.
A. man did know
B. man know
C. didn't man know
D. did man know
答案D.
看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th.现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了，否则意思就变了。
三、以否定词开头作部分倒装
如Not only…but also，Hardly/Scarcely…when，No sooner…than
Not only did he refuse the gift，he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例题No sooner_than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began
B.has the game begunC. did the game begin
D.had the game begun答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句（谓语前置）。这类表示否定意义的词有never，seldom，scarcely，little，few，not，hardly，以及not only…but （also），no sooner…than，hardly…when scarcely…when等等。注意：只有当Not only…but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only…but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
四、so，neither，nor作部分倒装
表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go， neither will I.典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know， _____.
A. nor don't I careB. nor do I care
C. I don't care neitherD. I don't care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思“也不关心”，因此句子应倒装。A错在用don't 再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。
注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard.
---So it is.
五、only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way， can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill， does he ever stay in bed
六、as， though引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词，副词，分词，实义动词提前）。注意：1）句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2）句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will， he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意：让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。
七、其他部分倒装
1）so…that句型中的so位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2）在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3）在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were，had，should等词，可将if省略，把were，had，should移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you， I would try it again.
典型例题：
1）Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did knowB. man knew
C. didn't man knowD. did man know
答案为D.
否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2）Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realizeB. did I realize
C. I didn't realizeD. I realize
3）Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know， ___.
A. nor don't I careB. nor do I care
C. I don't care neitherD. I don't care also
解析：答案为B.
句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示“也不”。由so， neither，nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中，so用于肯定句，而neither，nor用在否定句中。
八、虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were，should，或had，可将if省略，再把were，should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Were they here now， they could help us.
=If they were here now， they could help us.
Had you come earlier， you would have met him
=If you had come earlier， you would have met him.
Should it rain， the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain， the crops would be saved.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。
If I were you， I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here， everything would be all right.
如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work， I should do it some other day.
A. If were IB. I wereC. Were ID. Was I
答案C.
在虚拟条件状语中如果有were，should，had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前，变成were，should，had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说Were I not to do.，而不能说Weren't I to do。
九、强调句结构
常考的强调句结构是it引导的句子。
It is （was）被强调部分+that（who）+句子其他部分。
此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。
It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
典型例题
1）It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A.he timeB.whenC.thatD.which
答案C.
强调句的结构是：It +be +强调部分+ that（who）+主谓句。
强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用“who”，其余用that。
原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语：It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语：It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间：It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.（注意不用when）
强调地点：It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.2）It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. thatB. whenC. sinceD. as
答案C.
考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为A. that.其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It
be…that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉'It is…that'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
总之，倒装句是为了强调，这种强调可以分成为单纯强调性强调和语法性强调，单纯强调的倒装只要把欲强调的部分放在句首，一般是采用全部倒装形式。语法要求倒装基本是部分倒装，像以否定词开头作部分倒装、so neither nor作部分倒装、only在句首的部分倒装、as /though引导的倒装、虚拟条件句的倒装、强调句中的部分倒装等等，做这类句子只要记住该类型的语法规则，就能够举一反三，这类型的句子都难不倒你。