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一、 词语例解
1. risk
n. 危险；风险（the possibility of losing or being hurt）
He took a risk when he crossed the old bridge.他冒险过了那座旧桥。
They took a risk in driving on, notwithstanding the storm.尽管有暴风雨,他们还是冒险驾车赶路。
There’s no risk; it’s quite safe. 没有危险，很安全。
vt. 冒着……的危险（to have a chance of losing something or of something (bad) happening），后接名词或动词的-ing形式作宾语。例如：
He saved the child from the fire by risking his own life.他冒着生命危险把孩子从火中救出来了。
He risked being caught and killed. 他冒着被捕捉和杀死的危险。
If you go out without a raincoat you risk getting wet, because it may rain.如果你不带雨衣出去，你就要冒被淋湿的危险，因为天可能下雨。
【搭配】 at one’s own risk自担风险 at risk在危险中at the risk of 冒……危险；不顾……风险run （take） a risk（s）冒险take no risks 慎重行事take the risk (of) doing sth冒险做某事at all risks (= at any risk)表示无论如何；无论冒什么危险
2. divide
vt. 1) 分；划分；分开（split or break up）
He divides his time between work and play.他分配他的工作和玩乐的时间。
I divide the cake into four parts. 我把蛋糕分成四份。
2) 除（尽）（find out how often one number will go into a bigger number）
Nine divided by three is three. 九除以三等于三。
If you divide 20 by 4, the answer is 5. 如果你把二十除以四，那么商是五。
How much is twenty divided by two? 二十被二除得多少？
【辨析】 divide，separate
divide指的是把一个整体或集体分成若干等份，其后接into，with，among (between)等。separate指把原来连在一起或靠近的“分隔”开来，使其不在一起，常与介词from连用。
He divided the cake among the children.他把这个饼子分给了孩子们。
We divided the money equally.我们平分了这钱。
The Taiwan Straits separates Taiwan from Fujian.台湾海峡把台湾和福建隔开了。
The boys were fighting, but the teacher separated them. 男孩子们在打架，老师把他们拉开了。
另外separate还可指“分别；离别”。
We went to the bank together then said good bye and separated. 我们一起去银行，然后彼此告别就分手了。
3. injury
n. （指身体）引起痛苦之事物、伤口 ( (to the body)something causing pain, a wound)
He fell off the ladder and had serious injuries. 他从梯子上摔下来受了重伤。
His injuries were bad, so he went to hospital. 他受的伤很厉害，所以去医院了。
Smoking is an injury to health. 吸烟对身体有害。
【辨析】 wound, hurt，injure
injury指平时的大小创伤或伤害；hurt 尤指精神和感情上的伤害或肉体上的伤痛；wound一般指外伤，多指枪或锐器所造成的创伤，尤指在战争中受的伤。例如：
He got serious injuries to the legs at work.他干活时腿受了重伤。
The soldier received two wounds in the battle.这位士兵在战斗中两处受伤。
The hurt to his feelings is more serious than the hurt in his body.他在感情上受到的伤害比身体上的伤痛更严重。
4. prevent
v. 阻止；制止；避免
Rain prevented the base-ball game.下雨使棒球比赛无法进行。
We should do our best to prevent accidents.我们应该尽力防止事故发生。
Their prompt actions prevented the fire from spreading.他们迅速的行动阻止了火势蔓延。
【拓展】
在prevent / stop sb. ( sth. ) from doing sth. 结构中from 在主动句中可省略。 keep sb.( sth. ) from doing sth. 其中from不能省略。例如：
Nothing will prevent us (from) reaching our aims.什么也阻止不了我们达到我们的目的。（可省略from）
I was prevented by illness from taking the exam.我因病未能参加考试。（不可省略from）
What can stop me (from) going if I want to go?如果我要去，有什么能阻止我呢？（from可省去）
The heavy rain kept us from going out.大雨使我们无法出去。（from可省去）
二、 短语精析
1. make sure确保；保证；一定要
Make sure to turn off the light before you go out. 离开之前请一定要关灯。
We must make sure of the facts. 我们一定要把事实弄清楚。
Make sure that the doors are locked before you go out. 出去之前一定注意要把门锁好。
2. combine A with / and B使……与……结合；使……与……混合成一体
Combine the eggs with a little flour and heat the mixture gently.把鸡蛋和少量面粉调匀，用文火加热。
We must combine business with pleasure. 我们要寓工作于娱乐之中。
3. be based on 以……为基础
What you want to say must be based on facts. 你想说的必需以事实为基础。
The play is based on a novel of the same name.这部戏剧是根据同名小说改编的。
4. go through通过；穿过；经过；仔细检查；搜查
It took us a whole week to go through one of the great forests. 我们花了整整一个星期才穿过那个大森林。
The rain has gone through my coat. 雨水湿透了我的上衣。
She went through a lot of suffering when she was ill. 她生病时受了不少罪。
The policeman went through the thief’s pockets. 警察搜查了小偷的口袋。
三、 句式解析
1. Walk past the Big Tower Free-fall Ride and the roller coaster will be on your left.
本句的结构为“祈使句＋ and / or ＋ 陈述句”，这是一个条件与结果并存的并列句，其中祈使句表示条件，相当于if引导的条件状语从句，and / or陈述句表示结果，多用一般将来时。例如：
Use your head and you’ll find a way.动动脑筋，你就会想出办法的。
＝If you use your head, you’ll find a way.
Hurry up, or you will be late for school.
=If you don’t hurry up, you will be late for school.赶快,否则你上学就会迟到了。
【体味高考】
_________ and I’ll get the work finished.（2006重庆）
A. Have one more hour
B. One more hour
C. Given one more hour
D. If I have one more hour
解析： 答案为B。由句中的and可知本题考查“祈使句 ＋ and ＋ 陈述句”结构，其中祈使句简化成了名词短语。
【体味高考】
Start out right away, _______ you’ll miss the first train. （2006 四川）
A. and B. but C. or D. while
解析： 答案为C。考查“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构。
2. What they all have in common is that they combine fun with the opportunity to learn something.它们的共同之处是将娱乐和学习结合在一起了。
what引导的名词性从句What they all have in common在句中作主语，that引导的从句that they combine fun with the opportunity to learn something在句中作表语。that在引导名词性从句时，在从句中不作成分，不含疑问意义也没有实际意义，只起连结作用，在句首时不可省略。what在引导名词性从句时既起连结作用，又要在从句中作主语或宾语，在任何情况下它都不能省略，它有具体意义，表示“什么，所……的（事、物、话）”。
【体味高考】
1. _______ we can’t get seems better than we have.（NMET 1996）
A. What; what B. What; that
C. That; that D. That; what
解析： 答案为A。此题考查了两个名词性从句, 因为从句中都缺宾语, 所以都应选what不选that, that在引导名词性从句时不作成份。
2. One advantage of playing the guitar is it can give you a great deal of pleasure. （2006 上海）
A. how
B. why
C. that
D. when
解析： 答案为C。is后接表语从句，而其后的句子意义完整，不缺少成份，故用that来连接。
1. risk
n. 危险；风险（the possibility of losing or being hurt）
He took a risk when he crossed the old bridge.他冒险过了那座旧桥。
They took a risk in driving on, notwithstanding the storm.尽管有暴风雨,他们还是冒险驾车赶路。
There’s no risk; it’s quite safe. 没有危险，很安全。
vt. 冒着……的危险（to have a chance of losing something or of something (bad) happening），后接名词或动词的-ing形式作宾语。例如：
He saved the child from the fire by risking his own life.他冒着生命危险把孩子从火中救出来了。
He risked being caught and killed. 他冒着被捕捉和杀死的危险。
If you go out without a raincoat you risk getting wet, because it may rain.如果你不带雨衣出去，你就要冒被淋湿的危险，因为天可能下雨。
【搭配】 at one’s own risk自担风险 at risk在危险中at the risk of 冒……危险；不顾……风险run （take） a risk（s）冒险take no risks 慎重行事take the risk (of) doing sth冒险做某事at all risks (= at any risk)表示无论如何；无论冒什么危险
2. divide
vt. 1) 分；划分；分开（split or break up）
He divides his time between work and play.他分配他的工作和玩乐的时间。
I divide the cake into four parts. 我把蛋糕分成四份。
2) 除（尽）（find out how often one number will go into a bigger number）
Nine divided by three is three. 九除以三等于三。
If you divide 20 by 4, the answer is 5. 如果你把二十除以四，那么商是五。
How much is twenty divided by two? 二十被二除得多少？
【辨析】 divide，separate
divide指的是把一个整体或集体分成若干等份，其后接into，with，among (between)等。separate指把原来连在一起或靠近的“分隔”开来，使其不在一起，常与介词from连用。
He divided the cake among the children.他把这个饼子分给了孩子们。
We divided the money equally.我们平分了这钱。
The Taiwan Straits separates Taiwan from Fujian.台湾海峡把台湾和福建隔开了。
The boys were fighting, but the teacher separated them. 男孩子们在打架，老师把他们拉开了。
另外separate还可指“分别；离别”。
We went to the bank together then said good bye and separated. 我们一起去银行，然后彼此告别就分手了。
3. injury
n. （指身体）引起痛苦之事物、伤口 ( (to the body)something causing pain, a wound)
He fell off the ladder and had serious injuries. 他从梯子上摔下来受了重伤。
His injuries were bad, so he went to hospital. 他受的伤很厉害，所以去医院了。
Smoking is an injury to health. 吸烟对身体有害。
【辨析】 wound, hurt，injure
injury指平时的大小创伤或伤害；hurt 尤指精神和感情上的伤害或肉体上的伤痛；wound一般指外伤，多指枪或锐器所造成的创伤，尤指在战争中受的伤。例如：
He got serious injuries to the legs at work.他干活时腿受了重伤。
The soldier received two wounds in the battle.这位士兵在战斗中两处受伤。
The hurt to his feelings is more serious than the hurt in his body.他在感情上受到的伤害比身体上的伤痛更严重。
4. prevent
v. 阻止；制止；避免
Rain prevented the base-ball game.下雨使棒球比赛无法进行。
We should do our best to prevent accidents.我们应该尽力防止事故发生。
Their prompt actions prevented the fire from spreading.他们迅速的行动阻止了火势蔓延。
【拓展】
在prevent / stop sb. ( sth. ) from doing sth. 结构中from 在主动句中可省略。 keep sb.( sth. ) from doing sth. 其中from不能省略。例如：
Nothing will prevent us (from) reaching our aims.什么也阻止不了我们达到我们的目的。（可省略from）
I was prevented by illness from taking the exam.我因病未能参加考试。（不可省略from）
What can stop me (from) going if I want to go?如果我要去，有什么能阻止我呢？（from可省去）
The heavy rain kept us from going out.大雨使我们无法出去。（from可省去）
二、 短语精析
1. make sure确保；保证；一定要
Make sure to turn off the light before you go out. 离开之前请一定要关灯。
We must make sure of the facts. 我们一定要把事实弄清楚。
Make sure that the doors are locked before you go out. 出去之前一定注意要把门锁好。
2. combine A with / and B使……与……结合；使……与……混合成一体
Combine the eggs with a little flour and heat the mixture gently.把鸡蛋和少量面粉调匀，用文火加热。
We must combine business with pleasure. 我们要寓工作于娱乐之中。
3. be based on 以……为基础
What you want to say must be based on facts. 你想说的必需以事实为基础。
The play is based on a novel of the same name.这部戏剧是根据同名小说改编的。
4. go through通过；穿过；经过；仔细检查；搜查
It took us a whole week to go through one of the great forests. 我们花了整整一个星期才穿过那个大森林。
The rain has gone through my coat. 雨水湿透了我的上衣。
She went through a lot of suffering when she was ill. 她生病时受了不少罪。
The policeman went through the thief’s pockets. 警察搜查了小偷的口袋。
三、 句式解析
1. Walk past the Big Tower Free-fall Ride and the roller coaster will be on your left.
本句的结构为“祈使句＋ and / or ＋ 陈述句”，这是一个条件与结果并存的并列句，其中祈使句表示条件，相当于if引导的条件状语从句，and / or陈述句表示结果，多用一般将来时。例如：
Use your head and you’ll find a way.动动脑筋，你就会想出办法的。
＝If you use your head, you’ll find a way.
Hurry up, or you will be late for school.
=If you don’t hurry up, you will be late for school.赶快,否则你上学就会迟到了。
【体味高考】
_________ and I’ll get the work finished.（2006重庆）
A. Have one more hour
B. One more hour
C. Given one more hour
D. If I have one more hour
解析： 答案为B。由句中的and可知本题考查“祈使句 ＋ and ＋ 陈述句”结构，其中祈使句简化成了名词短语。
【体味高考】
Start out right away, _______ you’ll miss the first train. （2006 四川）
A. and B. but C. or D. while
解析： 答案为C。考查“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构。
2. What they all have in common is that they combine fun with the opportunity to learn something.它们的共同之处是将娱乐和学习结合在一起了。
what引导的名词性从句What they all have in common在句中作主语，that引导的从句that they combine fun with the opportunity to learn something在句中作表语。that在引导名词性从句时，在从句中不作成分，不含疑问意义也没有实际意义，只起连结作用，在句首时不可省略。what在引导名词性从句时既起连结作用，又要在从句中作主语或宾语，在任何情况下它都不能省略，它有具体意义，表示“什么，所……的（事、物、话）”。
【体味高考】
1. _______ we can’t get seems better than we have.（NMET 1996）
A. What; what B. What; that
C. That; that D. That; what
解析： 答案为A。此题考查了两个名词性从句, 因为从句中都缺宾语, 所以都应选what不选that, that在引导名词性从句时不作成份。
2. One advantage of playing the guitar is it can give you a great deal of pleasure. （2006 上海）
A. how
B. why
C. that
D. when
解析： 答案为C。is后接表语从句，而其后的句子意义完整，不缺少成份，故用that来连接。